Semantic of Case Particles Ni, De, E, and O as Locative Marker (2025)

Case Marking on Constituents Constructed by Verbal Predicate: The Comparison of Japanese, English, and Indonesian

Proceedings of Social Sciences, Humanities and Economics Conference (SoSHEC 2017), 2018

Discussing Japanese, English, and Indonesian is interesting because of its prominent differences. Among the most noticeable issues is the case-marking for different constituencies. In respect to predicate filled by the verb, the verbal phrase becomes the mother's constituent in the sentence. The complement of the mother's constituents is the "child" constituent. If the predicate is the mother, then consequently the subject, object, and description are all the child's constituents. This paper aims to discuss how a constituent can be a child constituent in the three languages. Paper also aims to explore how to mark case on constituents that is triggered by verbal predicate in the languages in question. Applying the library research, the gained data from documentation are described and analyzed. The results show that the child constituents born by the verb when (1) the subject's constituents are on the intransitive verb, (2) the subject's constituents and the object's constituents are on the monotransitive or bitransitive verbs. The interesting findings are on the works of case-marking in these languages: Japanese is postposition to nouns; English experiences internal change of nouns; whereas Indonesian is not marked noun. In conclusion, understanding characteristics of language system for every language, it is useful for assisting learners to master languages in question.

Japanese Case Marker De in Copular Sentences: Essive or Locative?

Journal of Foreign Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics, 2015

In this paper I will discuss two constructions of the Japanese verb aru 'be'. In one construction, aru occurs with a copular complement marked by the particle de, obtaining a sentence-ending pattern known as N-dearu. In the other construction, aru expresses the happening of a dynamic event and may occur with a de-marked locative adjunct encoding the physical place of the event. By analyzing these two constructions I will single out a 'predicative' function of the case marker de, and show that when functioning as a support item in nominal predications and in other copular sentences, aru retains its original nature as a locational verb and consequently assigns a locative-like grammatical case (marked with de) to the second argument of its clause. In this instance of strong localism, a grammatical split of the locative marker de happens so that de ends up marking a number of different surface cases. In the conclusion I will propose that the particle de in predicative function should be acknowledged to be an 'Essive' case marker.

Logical Structure and Case Marking in Japanese

1998

Comparative analysis: to and ni as case particles in Japanese

2021

This study focuses on particles To and Ni as case particles that function to express the relationship between nouns and predicates in a sentence focusing on the comparative analysis of the two case particles. Based on Tsujimura's opinion, it can be said that in Japanese, case particles are part of a phrase. Case particle is related to the function of the words in the sentence. The method used to analyze the data is Agih method (distributional method). Advanced analysis techniques with substitution techniques were applied in this study. This technique is used to study a case particle in the Japanese sentence structure. This research produces several things that are expected to be helpful to readers. To and Ni case particles can replace each other for the context of sentences that have the following meanings: Pairs Meaning, Translative Meaning, Accusative Meaning, and Ablative Meaning. But on the other hand, To and Ni as case particles can not substitution each other. Especially s...

Differential case-marking: Syntactic descriptions and pragmatic explanations

The Linguistic Review, 2000

In this paper, we argue for an approach to grammatical case that treats case-marking not as the passive realisation of other morpho-syntactic properties of a construction, but as bringing its own independent contribution to the construal of a clause, through inference over possibly underspecified semantic content of a case-marker in context. We take as case studies two instances of Differential Case-Marking: the partitive alternation in Estonian and differential uses of the marker ko in Hindi/Urdu. For Estonian, it is argued that the partitive case is semantically partitive even in alternation in grammatical contexts with nominative and genitive. From this assumption, we derive the various construals of the partitive as indicating indefinite quantity or imperfective aspect and show how other uses of the case, including after negation, may be traced to the basic partitive interpretation. We also argue that the completive interpretations of nominative and genitive derive from contrast with the partitive reading, rather than as being encoded in the case marking itself. With Hindi/Urdu 'dative' maker ko, we argue how pragmatic inference can operate also over grammatical levels to explain the uses of the marker with human direct objects, to specify definiteness of inanimate direct objects and, in alternation with ergative ne, deontic modality.

On the Distinction between Syntactic and Semantic case

On the Distinction between Syntactic and Semantic case, 1992

This thesis examines the distinction between syntactic case and semantic case, part of a broader distinction between lexical and functional elements. Several tests, involving predication, nominalization, and iteration are proposed for determining the semantic status of particular case functions. The results of these tests show that only subject and direct object markers are syntactic, all other cases being semantic. Further, semantic cases behave like adpositions, and should therefore be placed in the same syntactic category as them. This enables one to defend a structural account of restrictions on predication. The tests also indicate that English has underlying semantic cases, which are related, but not identical, to theta roles. The small number of syntactic cases is consistent with my claim that their content consists of one binary feature value, while the content of semantic cases is not necessarily so limited.

Notes on Non-occurrence of Case Markers

Studies in Generative Grammar, 2014

Ahn & Cho (2006a,b, 2007, 2009) suggest that non-Case-marked nominals are part of complex predicate or instances of left dislocation (LD). More specifically, the complex predicate option is available only when a bare NP takes place inside V domain. The other bare NPs are analyzed as LD. Ahn & Cho (2009) further propose that Korean has two types of LD: Hanging Topic LD (HTLD) and Clitic LD (CLLD). Given this analysis, we can resolve the puzzles on non-Case nominals pointed out by Bak (2008), Hong (2011) and Lee (2012). Clause-internal Caseless objects that Bak (2008) points out are analyzed as CLLDs that can be embedded. Clause-internal Caseless subjects that Lee (2012) indicates are also analyzed as embedded CLLDs. Finally, the examples Hong (2011) indicates are analyzed as HTLDs (crucially not CLLDs).

Nominative case-marker deletion in spoken Japanese: an analysis from the perspective of information structure

Journal of Pragmatics, 2002

Usually in Japanese, each NP in an argument position must be accompanied by an appropriate case-marker; however, in spontaneous spoken Japanese, the NPs often appear without case-markers (see e.g., Kuno, Susumu, 1973a. Nihon bunpoo kenkyuu. Taishukan Shoten, Tokyo; Kuno, Susumu, 1973b. The Structure of the Japanese Language. MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass.; Tsutsui, Michio, 1984. Particle Ellipsis in Japanese. PhD dissertation, University of Illinois; Masunaga, Kiyoko, 1987. Non-thematic Positions and Discourse Anaphora. PhD dissertation, Harvard University; Ono, Tsuyoshi, Thompson, S.A. and Suzuki, R., 2000. Discourse Studies 2, 55–84). This study particularly focuses on the deletion of the nominative case-marker ga from the perspective of information structure. The framework of information structure assumed here is not the binary frameworks such as ‘given/new’, or ‘discourse-old/discourse-new’ (see e.g., Chafe, Wallace, 1976. In: Li, C. (Ed.), Subject and Topic. Academic Press, New York, pp. 25–55, Prince, Ellen, 1981. In: Cole, P. (Ed.), Radical Pragmatics. Academic Press, New York, pp. 223–255; Prince, Ellen, 1992. In: Mann, W.C., Thompson, S.A. (Eds.), Discourse Description: Diverse Linguistic Analysis of a Fund-raising Text. John Benjamins, Amsterdam/Philadelphia, pp. 295–325), but the framework in which degrees of importance are recognized as a continuum (see e.g., Kuno, Susumo, 1982. Journal of Semantics 1, 120–154). It is demonstrated that the binary frameworks cannot distinguish the entire subject NP deletion from just the nominative case-marker deletion. The most relevant notion for the nominative case-marker deletion in Japanese is the notion of ‘Semiactive’ information proposed by Chafe (Chafe, Wallace, 1994. Discourse, Consciousness and Time: The Flow and Displacement of Conscious Experience in Speaking and Writing. Chicago University Press, Chicago). The generalization proposed in the present study is that when the information status of the subject NP is ‘Inactive’, no element can be deleted from the NP-ga; when it is ‘Semiactive’, ga can be deleted; and when it is predictable, hence ‘Active’, the entire subject NP-ga can be deleted.

A choice of the interpretations of the case particle -no in Japanese

NWAV Asia-Pacific 2, 2013

1 Case and Grammatical Relations

2013

This chapter discusses the notions of morphological (surface) case and abstract Case, showing the empirical and theoretical motivation for each. The discussion of morphological case presents the dimensions of cross-linguistic variation found in this domain, and outlines the main tendencies in the expression of case. The notion of abstract Case is used to predict the distribution of overt and non-overt nominal forms, and is considered one of the fundamental abstract syntactic relations in linguistic theory. The chapter presents a brief survey of theoretical approaches to Case in formal grammar and then discusses the main ways of modeling Case in nominative-accusative and ergative languages. 1. Morphological case, abstract Case, and the need for Case Theory Certain constituents in clause structure are known to determine the form and/or position of other clausal constituents. In particular, verbs and adpositions determine the morphological form of their associated nouns. For example, i...